Hawking temperature and the emergent cosmic space

چکیده مقاله

The aim of this work is to model the evolution of cosmic space based on thermodynamical parameters. The universe is considered to have an apparent horizon radius with a Kodama–Hayward temperature assigned to it. The method is founded on the fact proposed by Padmanabhan (arXiv:1206.4916; Res Astro Astrophys 12:891 arXiv:1207.0505, 2012) that the subtraction of the surface and bulk degrees of freedom provides information on the emergence of cosmic space. The fact of the matter is that in this approach the Raychaudhuri equation could even be obtained by the consideration of only thermodynamical parameters. As such, standard general relativity is taken as the starting point, where by implementing the standard cosmological equations, we obtain a generalized evolutionary equation supporting the emergence of cosmic space. The method proposed in this work can provide a basis for other cosmological models to have an emergent perspective.